London Population: Size, Trends, and What’s Changing in the Capital

When we talk about London population, the total number of people living in Greater London, including all 32 boroughs and the City of London. Also known as Greater London population, it’s not just a number—it’s a living, breathing mix of cultures, ages, and backgrounds that shapes everything from public transport to school places. As of 2025, the population sits just over 9 million, making London the largest city in the UK and one of the most densely populated capitals in Europe. But it’s not growing evenly. Some areas are booming, others are shrinking, and the reasons why matter more than the raw number.

The real story behind the London demographics, the breakdown of age, ethnicity, income, and housing in the city’s neighborhoods is one of constant change. Immigration keeps the city alive—nearly 40% of Londoners were born outside the UK, from Poland to Nigeria to India. At the same time, younger people are moving out to cheaper areas like Essex or Kent, while older residents stay put in neighborhoods like Richmond or Wimbledon. This push and pull affects schools, hospitals, and even the number of buses running on a Tuesday morning.

Then there’s the London migration, the flow of people coming into and leaving the city, whether from other parts of the UK or from overseas. Post-pandemic, remote work changed the game. More people left central London for good, but many came back—just not the same ones. Newcomers now include digital nomads, international students, and workers in tech and healthcare. Meanwhile, long-time residents are being priced out. The cost of housing isn’t just a political talking point—it’s the main reason why the population isn’t growing as fast as it used to.

And it’s not just about how many people live here—it’s about how they live. The London boroughs, the 32 administrative areas that make up Greater London, each with their own council, services, and character are all different. Tower Hamlets has one of the youngest populations in Europe. Bromley has more retirees than any other borough. Croydon’s population jumped 15% in five years. These aren’t just statistics—they’re real lives changing the shape of the city every day.

What you’ll find below are articles that dig into the numbers behind the headlines: who’s moving where, why housing keeps getting tighter, how birth rates are dropping, and how the capital’s makeup is shifting faster than ever. You’ll see data from the Office for National Statistics, local council reports, and real stories from people living through it. No fluff. Just what’s happening, why it matters, and what it means for you—if you live here, plan to move here, or just want to understand the city better.